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Non-Aligned Movement The Non-Aligned Movement is a group of states which are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. As of 2012, the movement has 120 members and 17 observer countries. The organization was founded in Belgrade in 1961, and was largely conceived by India's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru; Burma's first Prime Minister U Nu; Indonesia's first president, Sukao; Egypt's second president, Gamal Abdel Nasser; Ghana's first president Kwame Nkrumah; and Yugoslavia’s president, Josip Broz Tito. All six leaders were prominent advocates of a middle course for states in the Developing World between the Weste and Easte blocs in the Cold War. The phrase itself was first used to represent the doctrine by Indian diplomat V. K. Krishna Menon in 1953, at the United Nations. In a speech given during the Havana Declaration of 1979, Fidel Castro said the purpose of the organization is to ensure "the national independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity an ترجمه مطبوعاتی 2-متن اول...

Civil disobedience   Civil disobedience is the active, professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a govement, or of an occupying inteational power. Civil disobedience is commonly, though not always, defined as being nonviolent resistance. It is one form of civil resistance. In one view it could be said that it is compassion in the form of respectful disagreement. In seeking an active form of civil disobedience, one may choose to deliberately break certain laws, such as by forming a peaceful blockade or occupying a facility illegally, though sometimes violence has been known to occur. Protesters practice this non-violent form of civil disorder with the expectation that they will be arrested. Others also expect to be attacked or even beaten by the authorities. Protesters often undergo training in advance on how to react to arrest or to attack, so that they will do so in a manner that quietly or limply resists without threatening the authorities. Civil ترجمه مطبوعاتی 2-متن اول...

Bob Dylan Wins Nobel Prize in literature https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/oct/13/bob-dylan-wins-2016-nobel-prize-in-literature For more than six decades he has remained a mythical force in music, his gravelly voice and poetic lyrics musing over war, heartbreak, betrayal, death and moral faithlessness in songs that brought beauty to life’s greatest tragedies. But Bob Dylan’s place as one of the world’s greatest artistic figures was elevated further on Thursday when he was named the surprise winner of the Nobel prize in literature“for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition”. After the announcement, the permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy, Sara Danius, said it had “not been a difficult decision” and she hoped the academy would not be criticised for its choice. “We hoped the news would be received with joy, but you never know,” she said, comparing the songs of the American songwriter to the works of Homer and Sapph ترجمه مطبوعاتی 2-متن اول...

Democracy   In the dictionary definition, democracy “is govement by the people in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system.” In the words of Abraham Lincoln, democracy is a govement “of the people, by the people, and for the people.” There is no clear – cut, universal definition of democracy. Most definitions of democracy focus on qualities, procedures, and institutions. There are many types of democracy and their varied practices produce similarly varied effects. Democracy comes from the Greek words demos meaning ‘People’ and kratos meaning ‘authority’ or ‘power.’ Prerequisites of Democracy With an upsurge in the number of democracies holding free and fair elections and declaring themselves democratic states, some theorists have developed a set of minimum requirements. Elections on their own do not make a country democratic. The following list of minimum requir ترجمه مطبوعاتی 2-متن اول...